Introduction to ICT and Computer Applications

Component of a compute System :

Software,Live ware and firmware

1. Software : System Software.

2. Introduction to PC Operating System Basic Input Output System (BIOS),

     and Utility Software.

3. Application Software.

4. Live Ware and Firmware.

                                                                       Software

Software Means a set of programs,procedures and other associated documentation which describes what the program does and how it is to be used.

Hardware and software both have to work together. A number of software's can be run on the same hardware to perform different types of jobs.

The Software acts as an interface between the user and the computer.

The Tangible part is the hardware and the instruction that can make the processors to work is the software.

computer do not think for themselves so they need software which is made to manipulate its hardware in such a way that the user, can understand.

                                                                 System Software

System Software is a collection of instructions designed to operate control and extend the processing capabilities of the computer.

System software consists of programs that make up the operating System.

And is is a software that directly supports the computer system is self.Such software is often started automatically rather than by request of the end user.

 

The Most Important Features of system software include:

              1.  Closeness to the System

              2.  Speed

              3.  Difficult to manipulate

              4.  Written in low level Language

              5.  Difficult to design

                                                              Operating System

An operating System (OS) is System Software that manages Computer Hardware and Software Resources and provides common services for computer programs.

An Operating System is defined as an integrated set of programs which manage the various resources and Operation of a Computer System.

The Operating System acts as an interface between the humans and the computer also it ensures smooth and efficient operation of a computer.

The Operating System is a Component of the System Software in a computer System Application Programs usually require an Operating System for them to function, Examples Include Microsoft Windows (xp, vista,7,8,910,11   any flavor of Linux and Mac OS x Version of UNIX)

    Different Operating System

Windows - is a series of Operating System developed by Microsoft Each version of Windows includes a Graphical user interface with a desktop that allows users to view files and folders in windows. For the past two decades Windows has been the most widely used Operating System for Personal Computer PcS.

   UNIX

Is a Family of multitasking Multi user computer operating Systems that derive form the original AT & T Unix Developed in the 1970 s at the Bell Labs Research Center By KEn Thompson, Dennis  Ritchie , and  Others

    Linux 

Linux Was  originally developed as a free operating System for Personal Computers, Based on the Intel X 86 Architecture.

    OS X  

 OS X Is a Series Of Unix Based Graphical interface Operating System (os) Developed and Marketed by Apple inc.

                                      Operating System: The Most Important task 

 1. Memory Management: The OS keeps track of the Primary Memory and allocates the       Memory When a Process Requests it.

2. Processor Management : Allocates the main memory (RAM ) to a Process and de-             allocates it when is is no Longer Required. 

3. File Management : Allocates and De -Allocates the resources and decides who gets

    the Resources.

4. Security : Prevents Unauthorized access to programs and data by means of                         Passwords.

5. Error  Detecting Aids : Production of dumps traces error messages and other                    debugging and error-detecting methods.

6. Scheduling : The OS Schedules Process Through its Scheduling algorithms.

      Other System Software : Language Translators

Computer can only Understand the machine Language. Other Language Must Translate To Machine Language A Language Translator is Software that Translates a programs written by a Programmer.

A Compiler is a program that translates a High Level Language Programs in to Separate Machine Language Programs. The Machine Language Program Can Be  executed any t time it is Needed.

An  Interpreter Is a Computer programs that directly that executes i.e. Performs Instructions Written in a  Programs.

An Assembler is a Program that takes Basic Computer instruction and Converts them in to a Pattern of Bits that the computer's Processor can use to perform its Basic Operations Some People Call These Instructions Assembler Language and  Other use the Term Assembly Language.

    Other System Software 

The BIOS (Basic input/output System) Gets the computer  system started after you turn it on and Manages the data flow between the Operating System And Attached Devices such as the hard disk, video adapter, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer.

The Boot Programe  loads the Operating System  in to the Computer 's Main Memory or Random access Memory (Ram). In Computing Booting is the Process of Starting a computer it can be initiated by Hardware such as a Button Press or by a software Command.

When a computer is initially powered on, commands in the computer's ROM are automatically executed that instruct the computer to load the boot Programe in to Memory and its Instructions.